Hilti has created a game changer in firestopping for deflection head applications with the launch of the award-winning CFS-TTS Firestop top track seal.
The CFS-TTS allows interior finishing professionals to get the job done five times faster by completely removing the need to build a deflection head, replacing it with a simple three step process.
First, contractors apply the CFS-TTS seal to the drywall tack, secondly they cut it to length before finally fastening it directly in place.
This completely new firestopping method delivers a European fire rated seal to EN 1366-4 standards at the top of the drywall track to block smoke, heat and fire for up to 120 minutes.
The product also brings significantly improved sound insulation benefits, with sound reduction capacity tested up to 72 decibels to minimise noise transfer.
The ground-breaking nature of the Hilti CFS-TTS Firestop top track seal was recognised when it won the Passive Fire Innovation of the Year award at the IFSEC Security and Fire Excellence Awards 2017 held at the London Hilton, in Park Lane, last November.
Cinzia Bassan, Firestop Product Manager for Hilti in Northern Europe said: “This is the innovation that interior finishing professionals have been waiting for – firestopping for deflection head applications can now be installed up to five times faster than was previously possible thanks to the new CFS-TTS Firestop top track seal.
“The traditional deflection head method of achieving this was time consuming, with up to 13 individual steps to get the job done and it also carries risks linked to dust, working at heights and manual heavy lifting.
“With the new CFS-TTS Firestop top track seal this deflection head process is eliminated, and the seal is fitted and cut to length on the ground before being installed.
“There’s also no backfill required making it really easy to see that the installation has been completed correctly, saving contractors the stress of the inspection and making it quick and easy for the inspector too.”
For more information and to watch the video visit: www.hilti.co.uk/cfs-tts. Alternatively visit us at your nearest Hilti Store, book a demo or call Hilti Customer Services on 0800 886 100.
Dust masks are an essential item of personal protective equipment (PPE), preventing workers from contracting potentially fatal occupational diseases. Choice of mask (or respirator) is actually a matter of life and death. Read on for what to consider when choosing the right mask.
Under UK law, masks must meet certain standards according to application. Disposable masks must adhere to standard EN 149:2001, for instance. And they must be marked accordingly.
Itʼs all in the fit
Finding a suitable mask is more than simply choosing one at your preferred price point, or because it carries a British Standard logo. Your two key considerations should be suitability for the working environment/task, and the physical fit for the wearer. This point is critical – if the mask does not create a seal around the wearer’s nose and mouth, it will leak. These gaps may be tiny, but so are the airborne particulates you are trying to protect against. If the mask doesn’t make an airtight seal, it isn’t fit for purpose.
Lethal assumptions
In the same way that hard hats need to be adjusted to the specific size of the wearer’s head, mask fit can vary widely between individuals. You cannot simply assume that one size fits all. Instead, you will need to test a range of masks to ensure you get the right fit. The variations in face shape are even more marked between men, women and people of different ethnicity. Diverse workforces will need to be particularly careful when specifying face masks.
Factors that determine mask fit
Facial shape will be the most important factor in determining fit, but there are other details that must be considered. Does the wearer have facial hair? Beards and moustaches can create gaps that break the seal. The same is true of marks and scars that raise the skin surface. Employees who are reliant on glasses or contact lenses will also warrant special consideration. Any mask that they wear will need to allow sufficient clearance to wear glasses without compromising the seal against the skin. Don’t forget that other PPE, such as helmets or ear defenders, could also affect mask fit. You should also take note of any existing health conditions like asthma or skin allergies. Employees with latex allergies may not be able to tolerate certain seals, for instance. Or those with breathing conditions may require specialist equipment to cope with any additional strain as they inhale.
Comfort is important
Although air seal is absolutely crucial, you should not underestimate the importance of comfort. Operatives may be expected to wear their masks for hours at a time, so the way the mask feels on their face should be considered. The HSE suggests that workers issued with tight-fitting masks should take a break every hour or so, helping to relieve any discomfort. When trialling new masks, ask workers to wear theirs for at least an hour to accurately gauge the comfort levels. If a mask has a great seal, but is too uncomfortable to wear, it will not be suitable for your needs. Don’t forget that environmental conditions like heat and humidity will also have an impact on comfort levels.
Face fit testing is not a one-off exercise
Because masks and respiratory protective equipment (RPE) are only as good as their seal, you (or the wearer) will need to conduct periodic face fit tests. These follow-up checks are important to see whether anything has changed since first fitting. Wearers should check their mask for damage every time the mask is put on. You should also arrange urgent retests when a worker grows or shaves a beard as the seal between mask and face will definitely be affected. Where sites operate a ‘no-hat, no-entry’ policy, you could consider adding mandatory mask fit tests to the mix. The dangers posed by inhaled particulates may take years to manifest, but the risks are as dangerous as being hit on the head by falling objects. The issue of RPE is so significant that you must seek professional advice if you are in any doubt at all about your operatives’ safety.
Get in touch for help and advice on choosing and fitting masks.
FIND OUT MORE
DAVID CANT Veritas Consulting www.veritas-consulting.co.uk
Siniat’s Weather Defence 2nd Generation board has been tested to the limit after being launched into space to take on the most extreme conditions.
Part of the Etex Building Performance group, Siniat powered a small payload made out of the external sheathing product into space using a meteorological balloon.
The specialist material, which can be left exposed on frame for up to 12 months, experienced atmospheric temperatures as low as minus 50 degrees Celsius and wind speeds of over 200 miles per hour. Able to fend off the elements, Weather Defence can be used to quickly weather-proof buildings during construction, allowing interior trades to start work before the facade has been completed to boost on-site productivity.
Siniat’s product manager, Mark Riley, said: “The project was a unique way of showing Weather Defence’s capabilities, exposing the material to one of the world’s harshest environments. Our research and innovation teams are committed to making sure Siniat’s materials meet and surpass the demands placed upon them by specifiers and designers to speed up construction and provide quality of life for building users.”
The best way to speed up housing delivery is to get more small builders back into the market and focus more attention on the potential of smaller sites, according to the Federation of Master Builders (FMB).
In response to the Prime Minister’s speech, Building a Britain fit for future, Brian Berry Chief Executive of the FMB, said: “Small sites tend to deliver more quickly and smaller builders, for whom short term financing is more of a concern, have every incentive to build and sell quickly. More opportunities for these smaller developments will diversify the market, boost capacity and speed up delivery.
“The Government has clearly recognised this, and is today setting out a raft of changes to national planning policy that will encourage more small sites to come forward. We particularly welcome the move to ensure that at least 20% of the sites identified for housing in local authority’s plans are smaller sites.
“However, we also need to be aware that the pace of building homes cannot be simply dictated. Those whose business is building houses have very few incentives to just sit on land. SME builders in particular have every incentive to build and sell as quickly as they can, so that they can recoup their investment and move on to the next project – nothing else would make financial sense. But developments can be stalled and slowed down for perfectly good reasons – from the financing difficulties which can often affect smaller builders, to downturns in market conditions. Building a house is a very significant investment, and house builders who build without being sure they can sell, don’t stay in business very long.”
“There is reason to push back against developers who have a particularly poor track record of delivery, and those who seek planning permissions purely for speculative purposes, but the Government needs to make sure that rhetoric doesn’t get ahead of reality. It should recognise that attempts to force building at a rate which makes poor commercial sense could end up slowing down delivery. This could end up discouraging rather than incentivising the SME builders and new market entrants we need to diversify the market.”
Helen Yeulet from FIS Skills looks at the need for specialist contractors to demonstrate competence in the sector and how the CSCS card has an essential role to play.
It seems the construction industry has been sleepwalking towards the cliff edge for some time. This was tragically confirmed with the fire at Grenfell Tower where there are indications of failures at every level from local government, contractors, regulators and beyond trickling down the supply chain.
In the aftermath, Dame Judith Hackitt is leading an independent review of Building Regulations and fire safety. Her interim findings highlighted that the construction industry’s regulatory system is broken and contractors are taking short cuts, with little or no quality monitoring or competency assurance. The Interim Report specifically states a need to raise levels of competence and establish formal accreditation of those engaged in the fire prevention aspects of the design, construction, inspection and maintenance of high-rise residential and complex buildings.
Joe Cilia, technical director of FIS, highlighted: “The word ‘competency’ is mentioned 61 times, ‘evidenced’ 92 times and ‘compliance’ 94 times in this Interim Report. That should be a good indicator of direction of travel.”
What is competence?
Debbie Carlton from Dynamic Knowledge, which works with organisations to solve capability capacity and competency challenges, says the most robust definition of ‘competence’ is from her colleague Dr Gang Zhao, who defines competence as “an ability demonstrated in an activity at work which includes abilities, skills, expertise, aptitude, values and attitudes”. Being competent is about proven ability to do and perform in given contexts and it concerns a person being suitability qualified, experienced and current for the work – job, role, project – being or to be done.
Validation of competency is often based on a complicated set of evidence related to individuals and teams, with factors including certifications, field observations, number of times a task has been performed, number of years worked in an area, areas of technical expertise, continuing training, employee performance, and job and role descriptions.
How do we, as a sector, demonstrate competence?
The Construction Leadership Council (CLC) put its weight behind the Construction Skills Certification Scheme (CSCS) when it recommended that industry, including trade associations, contractors, clients and government, should specify and promote card schemes carrying the CSCS logo with no equivalents accepted.
The minimum standard for a skilled occupation card is an NVQ Level 2 qualification relevant to the occupation plus a separate health and safety element. Cards for new entrants, apprentices, trainees, labourers or workers in the process of obtaining formal qualifications are clearly identifiable and a transition process to bring all existing cardholders up to the minimum standard by 2020 will be agreed and implemented by CSCS.
One of the first steps was the withdrawal of Construction Related Occupation (CRO) cards, and FIS is supporting the sector by making sure there is a path to move CRO card holders to the relevant CSCS card.
CSCS cards provide proof that individuals working on construction sites have the required training and qualifications for the type of work they are carrying out. The new CSCS SmartCard can link with access control systems, improve management of training records and connect with project management systems, making CSCS cards the ideal technology solution to greatly assist with proving competence.
Julian Daniel, managing director of Blue Sky Building, said: “If the government is serious about training, especially in a post-Brexit world, there needs to be encouragement and stricter procurement rules (carrot and stick) to ensure companies maintain minimum competency standards among their contractors.
“Just like we wouldn’t allow surgeons or teachers to practise without certain skills and competencies, the same needs to be said of our construction workers. It is imperative that employers support the industry standards and invest in their businesses and employee career development.”
The Lakanal House fire in south-east London, the collapse of the gable end of a wall at Oxgangs Primary School in Edinburgh and Grenfell Tower all indicate issues with a lack of competency. Now we have a direction from Dame Judith Hackitt, we are clearly on notice that we need to ensure we can demonstrate competency going forward.
People are a fundamental ingredient for success. Without the right people, with the necessary skills to deliver your core service, any business is in a weak position. Aaron Barbeau, from Beissier, considers how shifting attitudes in the supply chain can make a huge difference.
Way back in 1998, Sir John Egan, a former head of Jaguar Cars, led a Construction Task Force that took the Latham Report to the next stage. It found the industry was underachieving and called for dramatic improvements. Egan suggested the industry should focus efforts on delivering value for customers, reducing waste and improving quality. What’s different now?
Our great industry remains inherently conservative and traditional, and breaking down traditional structures is very difficult. In the aftermath of the Grenfell Tower disaster, the industry may finally be addressing the weaknesses of Building Regulations. Equally, the collapse of Carillion may see aggressive commercial structures tackled head on.
Construction remains a people business and, even today, report after report talks about a skills crisis. Wherever you are in the world, and in whatever specialist trade, it is people that make it happen – either on-site or off-site.
Here is where construction product manufacturers are all working to develop traditional and new products that help to satisfy customers, by providing better value and less waste, and improving quality.
At Beissier we’ve worked hard to create fillers and plaster products that suit the way specialist contractors want to work. For example, the Bagar Airliss range of spray-applied plaster is a single component product ready for use, which allows continuous and uninterrupted application to improve productivity. OK, it’s not the traditional hand-applied wet plaster, but in today’s world of skills shortages, it is a more efficient way of working and an equal to traditional finishes.
New methods also challenge traditional ways of education and training. So, training people to develop this new skill can be delivered quickly and effectively. This means new skills coming to the market to fill the gaps that are there for everyone to use.
New products can also open the door to multi-skilled trades people who can deliver a broader set of fit-out skills, filling more gaps and helping to improve business efficiency and profitability.
Simon Lewis, a partner in the Construction and Engineering team at Womble Bond Dickinson, considers the implications for the supply chain following Carillion’s demise.
While the collapse of Carillion was looking increasingly likely over the course of last year, from the issue of the profit warning for a staggering £845m in July to the final demise on 15 January this year, nevertheless the nature and extent of the collapse and its ramifications is still shocking.
The relatively small amount left in the Carillion reserves available to address the enormous number of companies seeking to recover at least some of the monies owed to them shows the nature and scale of the crisis which had engulfed Carillion. While public sector projects may, to some degree, be protected, the private sector faces the bleak prospect of what would appear to be very little chance, if any, of recovering any significant sum from the liquidation of Carillion.
There has been, and no doubt will continue to be, any amount of analysis of what went wrong at Carillion and, hopefully, an increased awareness of the warning signs in other major contractors who are known to be facing difficulty. I suspect a combination of wafer-thin margins, too much debt, too great a diversification across sectors and a wilful blindness to the risks of this strategy lead to the feeling that the only way to address these risks is to keep getting bigger and bigger in the hope that the consequences can, in some way, be outrun.
A number of problem projects which in their own might not have been enough to cause such devastating effects is the final straw. The financial market had seen this coming for some time, even before the profit warnings. Hedge funds and other financial speculators had been betting the firm would get into trouble (known as ‘shorting’ the Carillion shares), demonstrating a lack of confidence in Carillion’s future. The huge debt plus a massive pension fund deficit of about £580m (though that figure may yet increase) meant that, ultimately, despite apparently having reached an agreement with its creditors, Carillion found that its banks refused to lend it any more money.
Of more immediate concern to Carillion’s suppliers: will I get paid? Given the very limited amount of cash reserves available, the signs for those involved in private sector contracts are not good. As is always the case when a major contractor collapses, the ripples spread down the supply chain with companies expecting to be paid or expecting to be able to recover their retentions now finding that they cannot.
There are signs, however, that steps will be taken to try to lessen the impact of this crisis: a group of banks has made more than £225m available to help businesses put at risk, and across the country there is a concerted effort by employers (including us) to try to find jobs for those who will be out of work as a result of the collapse.
The unions will continue to exert pressure on the government to do what it can to help those affected. Large employers such as Nationwide and Centrica have indicated that they will directly employ Carillion staff working on their projects.
HMRC has indicated it will provide practical advice and guidance to those affected by the Carillion collapse through its Business Payment Support Service (BPSS) and that ‘time to pay’ tax arrangements may be available to those affected by this collapse (www.gov.uk/government/news/ practical-support-for-businesses affected- by-carillion-liquidation).
In addition, a number of banks are currently working with the government and trade body UK Finance to provide financial assistance to SMEs (by way of overdraft extensions, payment holidays and fee waivers) through what will inevitably be a difficult period.
The priority for the Official Receiver and his team of Special Managers is likely to remain focused on Carillion’s public services contracts and the necessity to continue the services it provides on its many substantial infrastructure projects. Those projects that are the subject of Joint Ventures (JV) are likely to see the other JV partners taking over Carillion’s share.
Notwithstanding the measures outlined above, it is Carillion’s private sector contracts that will suffer most. There may be opportunities to retender these contracts after a period of time so that they can be continued with a replacement contractor, but this will not avoid the difficulties with cashflow and payment owed for work already carried out to subcontractors and suppliers.
The demise of Carillion is a tragedy for the construction sector on many levels. It is a tragedy that a contractor of Carillion’s size, ability and scope has collapsed, a tragedy for those directly employed by Carillion but equally a tragedy for its many subcontractors and suppliers who will be directly affected through no fault of their own.
As always, you hope that this will not happen again but, as always, you fear that it will.
Now that we’re all walking around with smartphones, taking images of our work has never been easier. But are they good enough, and could they be much better? FIS technical director Joe Cilia met up with interior and architectural photographer Marek Sikora to ask “what makes a good picture?” and provide some useful pointers for fit-out contractors.
“Light is one of the most important things to consider,” highlighted Mr Sikora. “Especially where glazed partitions are the main subject. This is because glass will reflect light and alter images. It will even alter colour.”
How many of us consider this when we snap away to get the latest images for social media or just a quick photo as our entry to the FIS Contractors Awards?
Mr Sikora recommends taking time to visit the site before completion to understand the impact of daylight on the space at different times of day. He said: “Take your time. If the aspect is easterly, perhaps it’s better to come back in the afternoon when the lighting is softer. Ideally, aim for a time when the light levels outside are similar to those inside, as this avoids harsh shadows and contrasts; unless, of course, that’s what you’re looking to achieve.”
Moving on to composition and it’s important that the vertical lines are all vertical. Avoid lenses that distort and check that the camera is level. You can do this using the grid overlay on all cameras or using a multipurpose spirit level. A tripod is a must for any good image, as it allows you to consider the image, look for things like chairs that don’t align, a reflection of the camera or a smudge on the glass before taking a series of images and only noticing it later.
There are a number of tips when it comes to composition which are centred on perspective and symmetry. Look at any good picture and it often has points of interest that are composed using the ‘rule of thirds’ – this is where the overlay grid comes into its own. The rule of thirds involves thinking about your image using two horizontal lines and two vertical lines and positioning the important elements in your desired photo along those lines, or at the points where they meet. Consider placing something of interest like a chair in the foreground on one of these ‘thirds’ so your eye is led into the picture.
Generally, a manual setting is preferable to the automatic one, which works by making its own calculation based on light levels and can leave some detail in the dark. Set the camera or even a smartphone to manual using an app, and adjust the exposure and ISO setting. If your shutter speed setting is anything less than 1/125th of a second, you need to use a tripod, and even then, use a remote control or use the timer to avoid shake when you press the shutter, otherwise your image could have blurry movement.
A tripod also allows you to consider the composition, which may often be improved by setting the camera lower than you might normally think to do. The photograph above showing glass partitioning was taken at about 1.2m from the floor. Eye height is nearer 1.5m, which would distort the vertical lines and unbalance the gap between the subject at the ceiling and floor level.
Another tip is to think about your audience and what you want the image to say about you, your project and your company. What expectation are you looking to match? Where will the image be used? For example, a site progress image will be different from one being used for a brochure or website – different again for social media.
Mr Sikora suggests: “Think about the message you want the image to carry. This is important as you might only get one chance to impress. So, check if it’s a landscape or portrait shot that you need – or maybe both.” “Cropping was something I used to do,” he added, “but I don’t anymore because it reduces the image quality. You should aim to compose and produce a final image by adjusting your position, the height and angle of the camera.”
So, how do you find a professional photographer for that hero shot? Mr Sikora’s final piece of advice is to start with an internet search, look for commercial photographers working with interiors then look only at the images and find photographers whose images are close to the style you want. Send a brief to a selection of these photographers and see who responds. You’ll need to be able to work with the individual photographer, so take time talking with them before making your final choice. Marek Sikora’s work can be seen at www.mareksikora.com, on Instagram (mareksikoraphotography).
Construction apprentices will go on to earn thousands of pounds more, every year, than many of their university-educated counterparts, according to the latest research by the Federation of Master Builders (FMB).
Brian Berry, Chief Executive of the FMB, said: “Money talks and when it comes to annual salaries, a career in construction trumps many university graduate roles. The average university graduate in England earns £32,000 a year whereas our latest research shows that your average bricky or roofer is earning £42,000 a year across the UK. In London, a bricklayer is commanding wages of up to £90,000 a year.
“Pursuing a career in construction is therefore becoming an increasingly savvy move. University students in England will graduate with an average £50,800 of debt, according to The Institute for Fiscal Studies, while apprentices pass the finish line completely debt-free. Not only that, apprentices earn while they learn, taking home around £17,000 a year. We are therefore calling on all parents, teachers and young people, who too-often favour academic education, to give a career in construction serious consideration.”
With the construction industry in the midst of an acute skills crisis, the FMB, and industry at large, says it needs more young people, including women and ethnic minorities, to make it a career.
Mr Berry added: “Our latest research shows that more than two-thirds of construction SMEs are struggling to hire bricklayers and 63 per cent are having problems hiring carpenters. This is a stark reminder of how the Government’s housing targets could be scuppered by a lack of skilled workers. The FMB is committed to working with the Government to improve the quality and quantity of apprenticeships because the only way we will build a sustainable skills base is by training more young people, and to a high standard.”
The FMB’s research into skilled tradespeople’s salaries was carried out in during January 2018. The survey was carried out among FMB members and the results are based on responses from members from across the UK. The information on annual salaries is based on daily rates paid to tradespeople who work six days a week. Contractors were asked what they pay their tradespeople and the average annual salaries were as follows:
1) Site managers earn £51,266;
2) Plumbers earn £48,675;
3) Supervisors earn £48,407;
4) Electricians earn £47,265;
5) Civil engineering operatives earn £44,253;
6) Steel fixers earn £44,174;
7) Roofers earn £42,303;
8) Bricklayers earn £42,034;
9) Carpenters and joiners earn £41,413;
10) Plasterers earn £41,045;
11) Scaffolders earn £40,942;
12) Floorers earn £39,131;
13) Plant operatives earn £38,409;
14) Painters and decorators earn £34,587;
15) General construction operatives earn £32,392.
The highest reported annual salary for bricklayers in London was £90,000 a year. However, the UK’s university graduates earn the following average annual salaries:
UK construction continues to experience cost inflation as new work declines for second month running according to the February IHS Markit/CIPS UK Construction Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) survey.
February PMI data pointed to continuing subdued growth conditions but total business activity increased only marginally during the latest survey period, while new work decreased for the second month running. Anecdotal evidence suggested that fragile business confidence and ongoing political uncertainty remained key factors holding back client demand. At the same time, strong input cost pressures were reported in February, with higher raw material prices, fuel bills and staff wages reported by survey respondents.
Tim Moore, Associate Director at IHS Markit and author of the IHS Markit/CIPS Construction PMI, said: “The construction sector endured another difficult month during February, with fragile business confidence, entrenched political uncertainty and softer housing market conditions all factors keeping growth in the slow lane. Residential work appears on track to experience its weakest quarter since Q3 2016, suggesting that house building is losing its status as the main engine of construction growth.
“The increase in work on commercial projects during February was one of the strongest seen over the past two years. Some construction firms noted that greater industrial demand, alongside structural changes in consumer spending habits, had contributed to new project opportunities.
“Despite pockets of resilience in the UK construction sector, there was little sign of an imminent turnaround in overall growth momentum. Reflecting this, total volumes of new work dropped for the second month running in February and business optimism was among the weakest recorded by the survey since 2013.”
Duncan Brock, Director of Customer Relationships at the Chartered Institute of Procurement & Supply, said: “The sector was feeling as flat as a pancake in February with falls in new orders for the second month in a row and with just a marginal rise in overall activity, as ongoing political and economic uncertainty shouldered the blame.
“Cost pressures continued to creep up and bear down on purchasing activity as raw materials became even more expensive and in shorter supply, and vendor performance degraded again impacting on the completion of projects. A talent shortage also gave staff the power to demand higher wages, adding to the overall cost burdens for business.
“Housing bore the brunt of this disappointing performance, though there was a weak improvement this month. With the Government’s intention to increase housing stocks, there will have to be a boost to the sector’s fortune for these two trajectories to align.”
Construction companies indicated that business confidence moderated since January and was at one of the lowest levels seen in the past five years. Some firms noted that resilient UK economic conditions had supported optimism. However, there were also reports that Brexit-related uncertainty continued to influence decision making and act as a drag on the demand outlook.
At 51.4 in February, the seasonally adjusted IHS Markit/CIPS UK Construction Purchasing Managers’ Index® (PMI®) edged up from January’s four-month low of 50.2. This signalled a marginal increase in construction output during February, with the index also weaker than seen on average in 2017 (52.3).
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